"Kato Nan Ampek" Tuturan dalam Bahasa Minangkabau Suatu Tinjauan Sosiolinguistik = "Kato Nan Ampek" The Utterance ofMinangkabau Language: An Analysis of Sociolinguistics

ABSTRACT This thesis aims at describing the sociolinguistic of kato nan ampek in Minangkabau language, explaining the etnography of kato non ampek, and analyzing its lingual aspect so that the characteristics of each kind of kato nan ampek are recognized. The use of kato nan ampek as a lingual element in Minangkabau language closely relates to the socio-cultural factors of its society. The originally normative customs as understood by Minangkabau society, however, have changed much. There are three stages in conducting this research. The first is collecting data, using participant-observation method as well as non participation-observation analysis. Self- introspection method is also applied. The second is analyzing the data, using a pragmatic identity method, a translational identity method, and a distributional method. In the last method, substitution, permutation, and deletion techniques are employed. The third is reporting the result. The result shows that the use of kato nan ampek is influenced at least by four factors. The first factor is the relation of speaking participants. The are four types of relation, i.e 1)intirnate2) unintimate3) acquaintance and 4) inharmonious relations. Actually, there is one more, namely non-acquaintance relation. The second factor is age of the participants. There are two categories of age, i.e 1) teenagers-youngsters and 2) adults. The third factor is the participants \u27educational backround, which are categorized into 1) basic education and 2) higher education. And the last factor is sexmale and female. Based on lingual aspect, the discussion covers kato nan ampek\u27s phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicon. Phonologically, intimate relation is marked by the existing voice in throat (S2). In tuturan mendatar \u27plain utterance\u27 the intonation is marked by pitch 4. However, the use of pitch 4 is impolite in unintimate relation. The higher the education and the older are, the less they use pitch 4 intonation. In tuturan menurun, the use of the intonation is permissable. Like in plain utterance, the higher education people have, the more rarely they use pitch 4. In tuturan mendaki, and tuturan melerengâ the use of pitch 4 is impolite. In inharmonious relation, this kind of intonation is seemingly used. Morphologically, there are affix, syllable and word deletions in tuturan mendatar. While in tuturan mendaki the deletions are impolite. In tuturan melereng, the deletions make the utterance become unslopping. Syntactically, there are two kinds of utterances, namely complete and short utterances. In tuturan mendaki and melereng, complete utterance is usedwhile short utterance is used in tuturan menurun. From lexicon point of view, there are three considerations to make utterances sound polite and communication process runs smoothly. The three are lexicons for addressing, first personal pronouns and third personal pronouns. The Setting of tuturan mendatar, menurun and mendaki is flexiblewhereas tuturan melereng is used only in certain places. The Participants of tuturan mendatar are average in agethose of tuturan menurun are older speakers to the youngerstuturan mendaki is applied by the youngers to the oldersand tuturan melereng is used by speakers who used to respect each other. The ends of tuturan menurun and mendatar are unlimited in use, while those of tuturan mendaki and melereng are a bit limited, such as it is impolite to give command to the olders. Act sequence can be in the form of direct and indirect speech (eq.peribahasa etc.) Instrumentality tends to be oral than gesture. Seemingly, social relation is more dominant in setting up the norms of kato nan ampek. From the genre, it is known that kato nan ampek is more commonly employed in dialog. Keywords: "kato nan ampek" sociolinguistic SPEAKING-- lingual aspect - - social relation the utteranc